Bonn

Bonn
Federal city
Bonn skyline Townhall Beethoven House Bonn Minster Post Tower Electoral Palace
Flag Coat of arms
Bonn within North Rhine-Westphalia
Bonn Show map of Germany Bonn Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia
Coordinates: 50°44′N 7°6′E / 50.733°N 7.100°E / 50.733; 7.100
Country	Germany
State	North Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. region	Cologne
District	Urban district
Founded	1st century BC
Government
• Lord mayor (2020–25)	Katja Dörner[1] (Greens)
• Governing parties	Greens / SPD / Left / Volt
Area
• Total	141.06 km2 (54.46 sq mi)
Elevation	60 m (200 ft)
Population  (2022-12-31)[2]
• Total	336,465
• Density	2,400/km2 (6,200/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	53111–53229
Dialling codes	0228
Vehicle registration	BN
Website	bonn.de

Bonn (German pronunciation: [bɔn] ^ⓘ) is a federal city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine. It has a population of over 300,000. About 24 km (15 mi) south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany's largest metropolitan area and the second biggest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union, with over 11 million inhabitants. It is a university city, was the birthplace of Ludwig van Beethoven and was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990. Bonn was the seat of government of reunited Germany from 1990 to 1999.

Founded in the 1st century BC as an Ubii and then Roman settlement in the province Germania Inferior, Bonn is one of Germany's oldest cities. It was the capital city of the Electorate of Cologne from 1597 to 1794, residence of the Archbishops and Prince-electors of Cologne. From 1949 to 1990, Bonn was the capital of West Germany, and Germany's present constitution, the Basic Law, was declared in the city in 1949. The era when Bonn served as the capital of West Germany is referred to by historians as the Bonn Republic.^[3]

Due to a political compromise (Berlin-Bonn Act) following the reunification, the German federal government maintains a substantial presence in Bonn. Roughly a third of all ministerial jobs are located in Bonn as of 2019^[update],^[4] and the city is considered a second, unofficial, capital of the country.^[5] Bonn is the secondary seat of the President, the Chancellor, and the Bundesrat, and the primary seat of six federal government ministries and twenty federal authorities. The title of Federal City (German: Bundesstadt) reflects its important political status within Germany.^[6]

The headquarters of Deutsche Post DHL and Deutsche Telekom, both DAX-listed corporations, are in Bonn. The city is home to the University of Bonn and a total of 20 United Nations institutions, the highest number in all of Germany.^[7] These institutions include the headquarters for Secretariat of the UN Framework Convention Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Secretariat of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), and the UN Volunteers programme.^[8]